查看完整版本: 我也想学发酵床养猪

我也想学发酵床养猪

在那里能学到发酵床养猪技术，有知道的朋友吗？那种技术真实吗？

难

我想自己创业去养猪但对这方面又不熟，请问各为在哥养老100头猪和建一个小一点的猪场要多少钱谢谢

发酵床养猪技术就是在土壤中采集出一种微生物菌落，经过特定营养剂的培养形成白色土著微生物原种，将“原种”按一定比例掺拌锯屑或稻皮和泥土，以此作为猪圈的垫料。利用生猪的拱翻习性，使猪粪、尿和垫料充分混合，通过土壤微生物菌落的分解发酵，使猪粪、尿中的有机物质得到充分的分解和转化，微生物以尚未消化的猪粪为食饵，繁殖滋生，随着猪粪尿的消化，臭味也就没有了，而同时繁殖生长的大量微生物又向生猪提供了无机物和菌体蛋白质被猪食用，从而相辅相成将猪舍演变成饲料工厂，达到无臭、无味、无害化的目的，是一种无污染、无排放的、无臭气的新型环保养猪技术，具有成本低耗料少，效益高、操作简单、无污染等优点。
　　发酵床养猪操作方法
　　1、猪舍设计
　　通常每间猪圈净面积约25平方米，可饲养肉猪15～20头，猪舍墙高3米，屋脊高4.5米，屋面朝南面的中部具有可自由开闭的窗子，阳光可照射整个猪床面积的1/3，并且从太阳升起至太阳落下，可照射整个猪床的每个角落，这样可使猪舍内部的微生物可适宜的生长繁殖。如果用温室大棚养，那就是既省事又省钱。因为大棚造价低，而且小气候更容易调节。冬天采光好、保暖，猪可以安全越冬；夏天放下遮阳膜，把四周裙膜摇起，可以通风、降温。
　　2、填垫原料及用量
　　猪圈填垫总厚度约90厘米，原料用量如下：锯屑：占总填材料量的90%，一间面积25平方米的猪舍约填25平方米×150公斤=3750公斤。如果条件好可先铺30～40厘米深的木椴，然后铺上锯屑，如果锯屑不充分，可先铺50厘米深的玉米秸秆或30厘米厚的稻皮，然后再铺上锯屑。土：用量为总材料的10%，为415公斤；盐：用量为总材料的0.3%，为12公斤；微生物原种：每平方米2公斤，为50公斤；水：1000公斤；营养液(天惠绿汁，乳酸菌、动物氨基酸、米醋等的混合料)8公斤。
　　3、操作技术
　　锯屑、土、微生物原种一层一层铺好后，喷上盐、水和营养液，水分调节在65%，喷水宜在填材料50%后开始，按照这样的顺序把猪圈垫料填满即可，饲养几天后，因微生物原种的作用，臭味自然消失，苍蝇和蛆不再繁殖，2～3个月后，猪床底层成为自然繁殖土状态，中部形成白色的菌体，其温度可达到40℃～50℃，猪粪发酵后成为猪的饲料。
　　4、发酵床的地面管理
　　猪舍中的锯屑变少时，适当补充缺少部分，并同时补充微生物原种和营养液。为利于猪拱翻地面，猪的饲料喂量应控制在正常量的80%。生猪一般在固定地方排粪、撒尿，当粪、尿成堆时挖坑埋上即可。地面湿度必须控制在60%，应经常检查，如水分过多应打开通风口，利用空气调节温度。只要一个月，喷一次营养液。营养液是专门培养的活性剂，按1：300的比例掺水，喷洒在床面上，可以提高土壤微生物的活力，加快对排泄物的降解、消化速度。另外，平时发现猪大便堆积得比较多时，把它向空地撒一撒，便于充分分解。另外，床面不能太干燥，就是既要保持很松散，但是又不能有扬灰，不能有灰尘扬起来，否则猪容易得呼吸道病。饲养密度：单位面积饲养猪的头数过多，床的发酵状态就会降低，不能迅速降解、消化猪的粪尿，一般每头猪占地1.2～1.5平方米。猪舍内禁止使用化学药品和抗生素类物品。
　　发酵床养猪技术优点
　　1、无排放、无臭气、无污染
　　发酵床养猪不同于一般的传统养猪，猪粪、尿可长期留存猪舍内，不向外排放，不向周围流淌，靠着土壤微生物的作用分解、转化，而猪舍独特和自由开闭式天窗设计，通风传热，使冷暖空气形成对流，底层热空气流动的同时使圈底的水分蒸发，圈底就会保持最佳状态，没有臭味，同时当粪、尿转化为饲料资源后被猪采食，不用消除，也会越来越少。
　　2、节省饲料，降低成本，提高效益
　　由于猪粪、尿被微生物分解转化为可被猪食用无机物和菌蛋白质，而且锯屑中的木质纤维和半纤维也可被降解转化成易发酵的糖类，猪通过翻拱食用，给猪提供了一定的蛋白质等营养，从而减少了精饲料的供应，根据初步试验表明，可节省精饲料20%。据专家所说，这种发酵床不光猪粪尿永远不用清理，就是发酵床的垫料，10年20年都不用换。另外由于发酵床养猪中途无需人工清粪，冲洗猪床，打扫圈舍，一方面可减少饲养人员，节省人工支出，另一方面又节省了水费。
　　3、发病率下降，减少用药，提高猪肉品质
　　由于发酵床中大量土壤有益微生物布满猪舍地面，在饲养过程中发病率较低，特别是呼吸道疾病和消化道疾病的发生，较传统饲养有大幅下降，这不仅减少用药量，减轻药费负担，同时还提高了猪肉的品质。
　　入圈生猪事先要彻底清除体内的寄生虫。
本篇文章来源于中国养猪网 原文链接：[url]http://www.yangzhu.org/xinxi/2007-08/1806.htm[/url]

:( 我的英语不好的，能翻译一下不，也好让我学习一下:)

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